Window



1,614,942 Jal'h 18" 1927 A. H. BALLARD wINnow Filed Feb. 4. 1926 2 sheets-Sheet 1 5,5 l', er.

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Jan. 18, 1927.

A. H. BALLARD WINDOW Filed Feb. 4, 1926 n l l l 1 n v ULI Patented Jan. 18, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,514,942 PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR H, BALLARD, F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

WINDOW.

Application mea February 4, 1926. serieu No. 86,094.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompany- 112 ing illustration of one specific embodiment thereof; while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. ln the drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a front elevation showing the 'i3 sash and framing of a window embodying one form of the invention, the sash being in closed position; Y

ll1 2 is a similar view showing the sash clamped in open position with the connected screen closing the opened portion of the wii'idow aperture; n

Fig. 3 isa sectional elevation of a part of the window taken lengthwise the sash on the line 3MB in Fig. 5; showing the device for connecting the underlying screen to or disconnecting it from the window'sash;

Fig. l is a transverse sectional elevation on a larger scale taken through the .screen connecting devices; L f

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional elevation taken through the framing and sash on line 5-5 in Fig. 1, showing` the sash freed by its clamping devices and in position to be raised;

away, showing the sash clamped in closed position Fig. 7 is an end elevation showing the position which the parts assume when the sash swung back out of the framing;

Fig. 8 isa cross sectional elevation on the 8 8 in Fig. 6, showing` on a larger the pivotal support for the clamp; sr. 9 is a side sectional elevation taken on t. e line 9 9 in Fig. 8;

ll`ig. 10 is a sectional plan on an enlarged scale taken on the line 10-10 in Fig. 5, showing the relation of the parts which sferve to connect the sash to the hinged lifting device;

Fig. 11 is a section on an enlarged scale taken through the seal-forming member on the window frame;

Fig. `19. is a section in plan on4 the line 1:2 in Fig. 6, showing the relation of one ot the sash to the frame members Fig. G is a similar view, partly broken* and the sealing strip when in clamped position; and

Fig. 13 is a detail in sectional elevation showingl the relation of the hinge pivot member to the guide slot lformed in the side frame.

VReferring to the i drawings and to the illustrative embodiment of the inventionV therein illustrated; I have shown one form of the invention. embodied in a railway car window; the sash and framing members of which are formed of sheet metal. Obviously other materials may be employed. Herein the sash is rectangular in shape and is composed of the upright sash members 15; the horizontal upper sash member 17 and the horizontal lower sash member 19. The sash may be equipped with two or more panes of glass; but herein it is furnished with a single window pane 21 permanently set in the sash.

The window framing, as shown, is also composed of sheet metal parts, the general arrangement of which will be apparent from the drawings. lt will be obvious. however; that the window framing may be constructed of any desired material. The framing provides a rectangular space or compartment within which the sash is located; the side walls of the compartment being formed by the plate 23 and the bottom by the plate 25. he width of this rectangular framing space is such that the side plates 23 provide side guides for the sash between which; the sash is freely slidable for raising or lowering. As will hereafter appear, the framing space is also of suitable width to permit the window sash to be swung back out of the framing.

The window aperture is herein rectangularin .shape and formed by the plate 27 (iigs. 5 and 12). To provide an eflicient weatherproof joint between the sash and the frame adapted to exclude moisture7 dust and cold, while leaving the sash in condition to be freely raised or lowered, the frame is Vprovided at the outside of the sash with seal-forming parts which extend entirely around the periphery of the sash and the latter is permitted a substantial lateral movement toward and away from said sealforming parts. The latter may be provided in various ways, but herein they comprise the weatherstrip member 29, circular in cross section, seated in the grooved holderv or channel 31 which is held fixed in the me.Y

framing at the side of the frame member 27 and outside the limits of the aperture formed thereby. The weatherstrip member 29 may be of any suitable material, but herein rubber is utilized, the arrangement being such that there is presented to the opposingsurface of the sash members a con tinuous seal-forming strip, so that when the sash is pressed against the same the aperture is effectively sealed at all points and when the sash is released the strip will force it inwardly of the guide to its freely sliding position.

The framing is so constructed as to permit the sash to have a substantial movement of translation laterally or perpendicularly to the plane of the sash, and means are provided whereby, when the sash is lowered, it may be forced laterally to close the joint at the seal-forming parts, or when opened it ymay be pressed against the resilient material of the seal and there held frictionally 4clamped in any desired open position.

Any suitable devices may be utilized for this purpose, but herein I have provided at each opposite side of the frame and at the inner side of the sash an extended bearing member 83 in the form of an upright rail or plate. This presents to each opposed face of the upright sash member 15, and approximately in line with the strip 29, a flat bearing face which, by suitable actuating devices, may be forced against the sash or Withdrawn therefrom. vWhen dra-wn back from the sash it provides a measure of guidance therefor as the latter is being raised or lowered, but the plate is preferably so adjustable that when unclamped it will leave the sash free of contact with the weatherproof strip so that the sash may be freely raised or lowered without friction.

To throw the clamp rails 233 into or out of clamping engagement with the sash, the former are each pivotally connected at each end by the studs 35 to links 87 which are mounted to swing' in the side plates 23 eccentrically with reference to the studs 35. The upper and lower links 3'? are joined by the connecting rod 39 so that the latter may be manually moved up or down, swinginn` the links about the pivotal connection to the side plates and causingv the clamping` rail, due to its eccentric mounting', to approach or recede from the side members of the window sash, as represented in Figs. 5 and Then the sash is in its lowered or closed position, as represented in Fig'. 5, with the clamping' rail retracted, the sash may be freely raised or lowered without friction. In any position of the sash, the cle-.mping` rail may be forced against the sash (as represented in Fig. (i) compressing it against the yieldable sealing strip 29. This produces a tight Weatherproof seal at the joint if the sash be down, or firmly holds the sash clamped in position if it be raised.

In the disclosed embodiment of the invention I have made provision whereby the sash, without interference with its necessary functions, may be easily moved to provide easy access to the outside surface of the pane from the interior of the car or other structure in which the Window is used. This makes it practicable to clean the outside as well as the inside of the window pane from within.

This object may be secured in various ways, but in the illustrated embodiment of the invention I have arranged the sash so that it may be fulcrumed upon one of its side members, as, for example, the lower sash member 19, and thereby swung back through the frame into some such position as is represented in Fig. 7.

In the disclosed embodiment of the invention I have also made provision for the easy removal of the window sash and its replacenient by another where such replacement may be desired, as for example should the window pane become broken. In the case of a railway car this has the advantage that, by carryingv duplicate sashes, a broken window may be replaced in transit without withdrawing the car from service.

To permit the described movements of the sash for purposes of' cleaning;` or removal, the rails 33 or other clamping devices are preferably so arranged that, although normally providing inner guidance for the sash as the latter is raised or lowered, they may be readily moved out of the path of the sash, leaving' the frame space vfree from any interference with the backward movement of the sash through the framing.

To meet this condition the clamps may be constructed inV a variety of ways, but hcrei they are so arranged as to be capable of being quickly removed or replaced in the framing. Forl this purpose the links 37 are journaled by the pivot pins /lsl (Fig. 8) in the bearing block i3 carried by the side frame plates 23, each pivot pin having an enlarged inner head 45 which normally prevents its escape from the bearing block. rlhe opening for the bearing block which receives the pin fil (see Figs. 8 and 9) opens above into an enlargement el-T of greater diameter than the enlarged head 45, so that by merely lifting the clamping members, the pivot pins pass up into the enlargements 4t? and may be quickly removed from the framing` by slipping` the enlarged heads of the pivot pins through the enlarged portion JET of the opening. Ubviously they may be replaced with equal facility.

It is desirable that the sash, while arranged torbe swung' back as describe" and. if required, to be withdrawn from the framing, should be counterbalanced in some measlili ure so that it may be readily raised, and, when released by the clamps forlowering, will not close violently under its own weight, but preferably only when assisted by some manual downward pressure. For this purpose there is provided a spring-actuated lifting device, preferably guided for vertical movement in the framing,the same having a hinged connection to the bottom of the sash but arranged to permit the lateral movement of the sash as described.

The arrangement of these parts will be seen more particularly from Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 13. rI`he lower frame member 19 of the sash has on its under side at cach opposite end a recess into which there [its the hinge block 4:9 having the shape indicated in Figs. 3 and 5. The hinge blocks 49 interlock with the sash and partake of the movement thereof, but, when the sashis swung outwardly, as represented in Fig. 7, it may be readily slipped out of engagement with the two blocks freeing it of any connection with the frame and permitting it to be removed therefrom after the clamps have been removed.

Connected to each hinge block, to turn therewith, is a pivot member 51 (Figs. 3, 5 and 10). This pivot member where it engages the block is square in cross section (Fig. 5), being seated in a rectangular slot 53 in the hinge block, so'that while the block and pivot member turn together, the block is allowed to move laterally with the sash when the latter is clamped against the seal forming parts by the clamping devices.

The pivot member 51 passes through a vertical guide slot in the side plate 23 of the frame and on the outside thereof has an enlargement which is journaled in the guide block 57, the Vlatter adapted to slide vertically in the uprightguides 59. The guides 59 and block 57 are of such proportions that. a substantial guidance is afforded the lifting device in partaking-of the vertical movements of the sash. At its outer end the pivot member is secured by a clamping nut 6l to a clip or upright finger 63, the latter connected to the lower end of a spring 65, the upper end of which (not shown) is connected .to the upper partv of the framing. The spring clip 63 is preferably non-rotatably secured to the pivot member so that the latter, together with the hinge block and spring finger', is adapted to turn as a unit with relation to the guide block 57. Herein the linger 63 fits over a non-circular portion 67 of the pivot member. i

The tension of the spring may be of any desired amount, but preferably is such that, acting through the pivot member 51 and hinge block, it willprevent the open Jash from dropping to a closed position when relieved by the clamps, so that a careless person cannot bevinjured by an accidental dropping of the sash. The tension, if desired, may be such as to raise the sash automatically as soon as the latter is released by the clamps, and may be such as to raise it to its full open position if desired. When the sash is raised or lowered the tension spring 65 holds the hinge block 49 in engagement with the sash and the hinge block, pivoting member and guide block 57 move up and down with the sash, the latter being guided by the guideways 59 which thereby serve to keep the pivot members and the two hinge blocks in a substantially fixed `vertical path.

Vhen the clamp rails are withdrawn from the framing as heretofore described, the sash may be swung back out of the framing about the pivot member 5l into some such position as represented in Fig. 7 In this movement the hinge block and spring finger 63 swing with the sash with relation to the guide block 57, Vthe spring undergoing a slight elongation which tends to counten balance the weight of the free end of the sash, and if desired may be sufficient to assist in returning the sash to its upright po` sition when the sash pane has been washed.

To prevent the spring from raising the lower end of the sash when swung to this position, provision is made whereby the hinge block is locked and its elevation prevented until the window is again swung back into its normal position. For this purpose the pivot member, where it passes through the slot 69 in the side plate 28 (Fig. 13), is provided with a shouldered piece 71, the lateral dimension of which is reduced to fit and slide through the slot 69 when the hinge block is upright. The opposite or vertical dimension, however, is substantially greater so that it will not enter the slot as represented in Fig.13 except when the hinge block is upright. When the window sash is in its lowered position the shouldered piece occupies a circular enlargement 73 of the slot 69, so that if the window is swung outwardly, as represented in Fig. 7, the shouldered enlargement is adapted to turn within the slot as required by the swinging movement of the sash. In so turning, however, it is moved to a position where it cannot enter the main portion of the guide slot 6.9, so that it remains locked therein against. any lifting action of the spring until the window is swung back to its upright position, when the shouldered portion again comes into line with the slot and may move up and down therein freely. The lifting device accordingly, while facilitating the raising and lowering of the sash and permitting the lateral clamping movement of the sash, allows the latter to be swung inwardly through the framing and to be there held while its lifting effect is temporarily restrained.

In connection with the described window 1 fw Lm) to the screen.

I have also provided a window screen which is normally carried in the framing space below the sash, but may be connected to the bottom of the sash and disconnected therefrom at will, so that when the sash is raised the screen will be drawn up with it to cover the portion of the window aperture exposed by raising the sash.

The screen (Figs. 2, 3 and 5), ot' substantially theJ same width as the window sash, has a flanged top 77 (Fig. 5) which rests on the bottom frame plate 25, the body oit the screen passing through a slot in the :trame plate and normally depending below the same. Each opposite side of the screen is provided with one or more plates 79 which project inwardly from the sides of the screen and when the latter is raised as shown in Fig. 2 register with the face of the clamp rail Then the clamp rail is compressed against the window sash, it also engages the plate 79 and similarly compresses the sides oiI the screen against the sea-ling walls, so as to exclude anv air except that which can pass through the meshes oli the screen.

To connect the screen to the sash the flanged top is provided with upright eyes 8l adapted to be engaged with or disengaged from the ends of a slide rod 83 connected to the sash. The rod is connected to be moved by a pair of slides comprising recessed members 87 slidable for a limited movement lengthwise the lower sashk member in apertures formed therein. rThe recessed slides 87, as indicated in Figs. l and 2, are arranged on the inner surface of the sash member 19 where they may be manually engaged and serve as g'rips for raising the window as well as for connecting the sash A spring 89 tends normally to move the slide members to a position disconnecting the screen from the sash, and the slides are provided with plates 91 which engage the inner walls of the sash member to suitably guide them therein.

When the sash is in lowered position, if the slide members are moved from the full line to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 3, the screen is thereby connected to the sash through the rod 83. It the sash is then raised, the screen follows up with the sash and closes the aperture exposed by the sash, the tension of the spring 89 being insutlicient to move the slide members and the rod 83 against the weightof the screen, The sash, together with the screen, may be clamped in any desired elevated position. When the window is again lowered to its closed position and the weight oi the screen rests upon the bottom frame plate member 25, the spring S9 will act to move the slide rod and disconnect the screen from the sash.

1 It therefore follows that while the window may be raised or lowered without alecting `the screen, the latter remaining suspended in the framing space below the sash, the sash in its closed position may at any time be connected to the screen and the latter raised with the window to close the opened aperture.

lVhile, for purposes of illustration, I have herein shown and described one specilic embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that extensive deviations may be made from the mechanical details herein shown as well as the form and relative arrangement of parts, and that numerous other applications of the broad principles vo't my invention may be made, all without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims:

1. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing presenting exterior seal-forming parts, said sash being movable laterally to engage therewith, devices to force the sash laterally to engage with said seal-forming parts, a lifting device guided for vertical movement in the framing and having a hinged attachment to the bottom of the sash on which the sash when lowered may be swung inwardly, the same comprising a pivot member, a sash engaging member adapted to turn with the pivot member but to move laterally in relation to the pivot member, a counterbalancing spring connected to the pivot member to assist in raising the sash, said spring being so connected as to be tensioned by the swinging down of the sash, a guide block in which the pivot member is jonrnaled, vertical guides for the guide block, and means for holding the pivot member against the lifting eect of the spring when the sash is swung down.

2. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing presenting exterior seal-forming parts, said sash being movable laterally to engage therewith, devices to force the sash laterally to engage with said seal-forming parts, a lifting device guided for vertical movementin the framing and having a hinged attachment to the bottom of the sash on which the sash when lowered may be swung inwardly, the same comprising a pivot member, a sash engaging. member adapted to turn with the pivot member but to move laterally in relation to the pivot member, a counterbalancing spring connected to the pivot member to assist in raising the sash, said spring being so connected as to be tensioned by the swinging down of the sash, a guide block in which the pivot member is journaled, vertical guides for the guide block, and means for holding the pivot member against the lifting effect oi the spring when the sash is swung down` said sash having a recess in its lower frame member adapted to receive said sash engagingmember and to move therewith but withdrawable therefrom for removal from the frame when swung down.

3. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing presenting exterior seal-forming parts, said sash being laterally movable to engage therewith, devices for forcing the sash laterally to engage said seal-forming parts, lifting devices guided for vertical movement in the framing and having a hinged attachment to the bottom of the sash on which the sash when lowered may be swung inwardly and with relation to which said sash is movable laterally against the sealforming parts, and means acting to lock said lifting` device in lowered position when the sash is so swung.

4. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing presenting exterior seal-forming parts, said sash being laterally movable to engage therewith, devices for forcing the sash laterally to engage said seal-forming parts, and lifting devices guided for vertical movement in the framing and having a hinged attachment to the bottom of the sash on which the sash when lowered may be swung inwardly and with relation to which said sash is movable laterally.

'5. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing presenting exterior seal-forming parts, said sash being laterally movable to engage therewith, devices for forcing the sash laterally to engage with said seal-forining parts, and a counterbalanced lifting device having a hinged attachment to the bottom of the sash permitting said lateral movement and by which device the sash when lowered may be swung inwardly through the framing and from which the sash may be withdrawn.

6. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with a framing in which it is movable laterally, said framing presenting seal-forming parts to the exterior' of the sash, devices for forcing the sash laterally against the seal-forniing parts to close the joint, and a lifting device movable in the framing with relation to which the sash also has lateral movement to permit the sealing of the joint.

7. A window having a sash provided with a framing in which the sash may be raised or lowered, a lifting device having vertical guides in the framing and having hinged attachment to the sash on which the sash may be swung inwardly through the framing, a counterbalanced attachment to lift the lifting device and adapted to assist in counterbalaneing the sash when swung inwardly, and means cooperating with the lifting device to restrain the latter when the sash is swung inwardly.

8. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and providedrwith a framing presenting to the outside of the sash seal-forming parts against which the sash may be pressed to seal the joint thereat, a laterally movable clamping member presenting extended bearing surfaces for the inner side walls of the sash, and means for moving said member and bearing 'surfaces bodily against the sash to clamp the latter evenly and uniformly against the sealforming parts or to move said member and bearing surfaces away from the sash, said clamping' member providing an oversized guideway in which the sash is freely slidable.

9. A window having a sash and provided with a framing in which the sash has a substantial lateral movement, seal-forming parts between the sash and framing extending around the sash when the latter is closed, and clamping devices adapted to engage the inside of said sash for forcing the same laterally to close the joint at said seal-forming parts, said devices being removable at will from the path of the sash to permit the latter to be moved back through the framing.

l0. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered andprovided with a framing in which the sash has a substantial lateral movement, and clamping devices to move the sash laterally to clamp it in its raised or lowered position, said devices being removable at will from the path of the sash to permit the` latter to be moved back through the framing.

ll. A window having a sash and provided with a framing in which the sash has a lateral movement, seal-forming parts between the sash and frame and extending around the sash when the latter is closed, clamping devices to clamp the sash against the seal-forming parts comprising elongated guide rails adapted to bear against the inner walls of the sash, links connected to the guide rails and eccentrically supported in the framing, and means for moving the links together to clamp the sash.

l2. A window having a sash provided with a framing in which the sash has a lateral movement, seal-forming parts between the sash and frame and extending around the sash when the latter is closed, and clamping devices to clamp the sash adapted to bear against the inner walls of the sash to force it against the seal-formingl a framing space through which the sash may be swung back, and clamping devices to force the sash laterally against the sealforming parts, said devices being secured to the framing but adapted to be removed from the path of the sash when the latter is swung back, said clamping devices also forming inside guides for the sash.

14. A window having a sash provided with a framing in which the sash has a substantial lateral movement, devices for forcing the sash outwardly to a seat in the framing, said devices being removable from the path ot the sash to permit the inward movement of the sash through the framing, and a provision whereby the sash may be fulcrumed at one side thereoil to be swung inwardly through the framing.

15. A window having a sash and provided with a framing in which the sash is laterally movable, exterior seal-forming parts presented by the framing, devices to move the sash to engage with said seal-forming parts, a screen carried by the framing beneath the sash, and devices for connecting the screen to the sash to be raised therewith, said screen when raised being also adapted to engage with said seal-forming parts.

16. A window having a sash and provided with a framing in which the sash has a substantial lateral movement, seal-forming parts between the sash and framing extending around the sash when the latter is closed, clamping devices adapted to engage the inside ot' the sash for forcing the same laterally to Close the joint at said seal-forming parts, the same comprising elongated clamping rails adapted to bear against the inner wa'lls of the sash, and a single actuating member connected to each of said clamping rails at a plurality of separated points and adapted through its movement to apply an even clamping pressure to sa'id sash to force the same laterally against the seal-forming parts.

17. A window having a sash adapted to be raised or lowered and provided with framing in which the sash has a substantial lateral movement, clamping means to move the sash laterally to clamp it in its raised or lowered position, a hinge connection between the sash and training, permitting the sash in its lowered position to be swung out oi the frame, said clamping devices being removable at will from the path ot' swinging movement of the sa'sh.

18. A window comprising a sash guided for sliding movement in its trame, t-he guideway being normally wide enough to permit lateral movement of the sash, the outside ot the guideway carrying a yieldable and resilient sealing strip, clamping rails for forcing the sash laterally into clamped and sealing engagement with said strip and forming the inside ci' the guideway, the sash, when released from such engagement,being returned to its treely sliding position solely by said resilient strip.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this speciiieation.

ARTHUR H. BALLARD. 

